RASNZ Email Newsletter, January 2010
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. Royal Astronomical Society of New Zealand
. Email Newsletter Number 111, 28 February 2010
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Affiliated Societies are welcome to reproduce any item in this email
newsletter or on the RASNZ website http://www.rasnz.org.nz/
in their own newsletters provided an acknowledgement of the source is
also included.
Contents
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1. Paul Rodmell
2. RASNZ Conference
3. The Solar System in March
4. Aurora Astronomy School 2010
5. Lord Rees Lectures -- Christchurch & Wellington
6. Special Publication Marks the Royal Society's 350th Anniversary
7. Joel Schiff Honoured
8. Digitizing of Southern Stars
9. NACAA XXIV
10. Robert Kirshner Lecture on DVD
11. Public Solar Stormwatch
12. Solar Dynamics Observatory Launched
13. Stuck Mars Rover Gets New Job
14. Pulsing Red Giant Star Imaged
15. Fermi Shows Supernova and Cosmic Ray Connection
16. RASNZ in Wikipedia
17. Gifford-Eiby Lecture Fund
18. Kingdon-Tomlinson Fund
19. How to Join the RASNZ
20. Headlines
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1 Paul Rodmell
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Well-known Invercargill astronomer Paul Rodmell died February 12 in his
71st year. Paul's interests and activities ranged widely. He had a
particular passion for the history of astronomy, even including William
Herschel's music. His series of articles on the constellations can be
seen on the RASNZ's web page. And he was a regular at the Staveley and
Herbert gatherings, with his trusty C8 telescope always in tow.
Paul was a Life Member of the Southland Astronomical Society, editor of
its Newsletter and a very regular assistant at the observatory's public
sessions. He was also involved in many other activities in Invercargill.
He was an accomplished musician, playing both piano and organ, and singer.
He was a member of a local choir and a great fan of opera. He also
produced the newsletters of the local vintage car association and the
cardiac club. Although he had had heart problems over the last few years,
it was exposure to asbestos during a holiday job when he was a student
that felled him in the end.
The RASNZ extends its deepest sympathy to Paul's wife Lindsey and their
children and grandchildren.
-- Thanks to Bob Evans and Ross Dickie for memories of Paul.
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2. RASNZ Conference
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Dennis Goodman of the RASNZ's Standing Conference Committee writes:
Just a further reminder about the RASNZ Conference in Dunedin on 28-30
May. Registrations are starting to come in - good to see. We encourage
you to register early for Conference - although it is still over 3
months away, it is amazing how quickly that time can fly by. It's also a
good idea to book air fares early to get the best deals. Air NZ and
Pacific Blue fly to Dunedin. Don't forget you will need to be in
Dunedin, at the Railway Station by midday on the Friday if you are
coming on the Taieri Gorge Rail journey.
We also make a further call for papers at this time. There is still room
in the programme for papers and poster-papers. There is plenty of great
work being done in astronomy in NZ these days, so let's hear about it -
Conference is the appropriate gathering for this. Orlon Petterson from
the Standing Conference Committee will also be making some approaches to
members who have been carrying out good astronomical work.
Further information on Conference, the registration form etc can be
found on the RASNZ Webpage - www.rasnz.org.nz. Look forward to seeing
you in Dunedin.
Orlon Petterson adds:
Dr Stuart Ryder of the Australian Gemini Office is our invited speaker
with a feature papers on Supernovae. Bill Allan will be giving this year's
Fellows lecture entitled "50 years as an amateur Astronomer".
The RASNZ standing conference committee sincerely invites and encourages
anyone interested in New Zealand Astronomy to submit papers, with titles
due by 31st March and Abstracts due 30 April. The paper submission form
can be found on the RASNZ website www.rasnz.org.nz. Please send your
submissions to conference@rasnz.org.nz
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3. The Solar System in March
----------------------------
The usual notes on the visibility of the Planets for March 2010 have been
placed on the RASNZ web site: http://www.rasnz.org.nz/SolarSys/Mar_10.htm.
Notes for April 2010 will be in place in a few days.
The southern autumn equinox will be at about 6.30 am on the morning of
March 21, NZDT.
New Zealand has 2 full moons in March, on the 1st at 5.38 am and on the
30th at 3.25 pm.
THE PLANETS IN MARCH - THE EVENING SKY
MERCURY starts March as a morning object, rising an hour before the Sun on
March 1 with a magnitude -0.7. By March 14, the planet will be at
superior conjunction, it will become lost to view in the morning twilight
after the first day or two of the month.
The planet's apparition in the evening sky during the second half of the
month will be very poor for viewing, with the planet setting no more than
30 minutes after the Sun at the end of March.
VENUS will continue to be an elusive evening object throughout March. It
sets some 30 minutes after the Sun at the start of the month, increasing
to only 45 minutes later by March 31. Shortly after sunset, Venus will
then be about 6 degrees above the horizon, nearly half way round from west
to northwest. At the same time, Mercury at magnitude -1, will be about
half the height of Venus and to the lower left of the brighter planet.
MARS will remain a prominent evening object throughout March. It transits
shortly after 11 pm NZDT on the 1st and shortly after 9 pm on the 31st.
The planet is well north of the equator, so its transits will be low,
close to the lowest midday altitude of the Sun in mid Winter. The
planet's magnitude drops from -0.6 to +0.1 during the month.
Mars will be in Cancer moving slowly, at first in a retrograde sense to
the west until it reaches a stationary point on March 11. After that it
will start moving forward to the east back towards Praesepe. By the end
of March Mars will be just under 5 degrees from the cluster.
The 72% lit moon passes Mars on March 25. At their closest around
midnight, the two will be 3.5 degrees apart.
JUPITER becomes a morning object in March following its conjunction with
the Sun at the end of February. By the end of the month, the planet
will rise nearly two hours before the Sun. It should then be visible some
time before sunrise as a low bright object to the east before the sky
becomes too bright.
The very thin crescent moon, only 1% lit, will be about 5 degrees to the
left of Jupiter on the morning of March 15. This will be only some 27
hours before new moon, making it difficult to see in twilight conditions.
SATURN is well placed for viewing in the late evening during March. The
planet reaches opposition on March 22. It is only just north of the
celestial equator, so will be at a good altitude as seen from New Zealand
and considerably higher than Mars. However, with NZDT still in force
throughout March, Saturn will not transit until after midnight.
At present the monthly circuits of the moon do not take is very close to
Saturn. For all that, the Moon does pass Saturn twice during the month,
on the 2nd and again on the 29th. In both cases the Moon will be about 7
degrees from the planet at its closest.
Saturn's rings are still only open a slight amount, so will generally
appear as a bar either side of the planet in a small telescope
OUTER PLANETS
URANUS is at conjunction with the Sun on March 17, so is not observable
during the month.
NEPTUNE in Capricornus, starts March about 2.5 degrees to the upper left
of Mercury, with the two low in the sky to the east shortly before
sunrise. While Mercury may be detectable with binoculars, Neptune will be
very difficult.
Neptune crosses into Aquarius on March 24. By the end of the month it
will rise some 3.5 hours before the Sun and be nearly 20 degrees to the
upper left of Jupter, so should be visible in binoculars before the sky
brightens.
BRIGHTER ASTEROIDS:
(1) Ceres is a morning object. It starts March in Ophiuchus but moves
into Sagittarius on March 3. During the month it brightens from magnitude
8.9 to 8.6. It rises after 1 am at beginning of the month and shortly
before midnight on the 31st.
(2) Pallas is in Serpens throughout March, its magnitude changing from 9.1
to 8.7 during the month. It rises at the same time as Ceres on the 1st
and close to midnight on the 31st, but it will be much lower in southern
skies.
(4) Vesta remains in Leo throughout March with its magniutde dropping from
6.3 to 6.9. By the end of March it will transit about an hour before
midnight, so be well placed for evening viewing, an easy binocular object.
(532) Herculina is at opposition on March 13, at its brightest it will be
at magnitude 8.8. The asteroid is in Coma Berenices for most of March but
just slips into Ursa Major at the end of the month. This means of course
that it is very low in NZ skies.
More details and charts for these minor planets can be found on the RASNZ
web site. Follow the link to asteroid 2010
COMET 81P/WILD 2 is expected to be at its brightest, magnitude 9.3 in late
March. The comet is in Virgo, its path will take it to within 20 arc-
minutes of the 4th magnitude star iota Vir at the end of the month. It
will be even closer, just under 10', from a 6.4 magnitude neighbour of
iota,
More details and charts are on the RASNZ web site. Follow the link to
Comets 2010.
-- Brian Loader
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4. Aurora Astronomy School 2010
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Applications are open for Year 13 and Year 12 students to apply for a
place on this week-long school. Taking place at the University of
Canterbury and Mt John Observatory, the school runs from April 12th -16th
inclusive. The course is free, and only 20 students are accepted.
Applications close 5.00pm Friday 5th March. Late applications cannot be
considered. Further details and an application form are available at
www.outreach.canterbury.ac.nz.
-- Joan Gladwyn, Outreach Coordinator, College of Science, University of
Canterbury.
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5. Lord Rees Lectures -- Christchurch & Wellington
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Martin Lord Rees is a successor of Sir Isaac Newton and Ernest Lord
Rutherford as President of the Royal Society of London, the world´s oldest
and most prestigious scientific institution. He is also UK´s Astronomer
Royal and Master of Trinity College, Cambridge. He comes to New Zealand
as the Rutherford Memorial Lecturer in the 350th year since the founding
the Royal Society of London.
Christchurch Lecture
THE NEXT 20 YEARS IN ASTRONOMY:
Probing the Big Bang, Galaxies and Planets
7.30pm Monday 22 March
Limes Room, Christchurch Town Hall, Christchurch
Wellington Lecture
THE WORLD IN 2050
7.00pm Tuesday 23 March 2010
Wellington Town Hall, Wakefield Street, Wellington
Tickets are available to the public from the Royal Society's website
http://www.royalsociety.org.nz/Site/news/events/rutherford_lecture/
Enquiries to: lectures@royalsociety.org.nz or 04 470 5781
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6. Special Publication Marks the Royal Society's 350th Anniversary
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Further to the Royal Society of London's 350th anniversary, William Tobin
notes that a special 350th anniversary issue of the Philosophical
Transactions A available on line for free. The 'non specialist' review
of gravitational lensing may interest RASNZ members at
http://rsta.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/368/1914/967
More about the special 350th anniversary issue of the Philosophical
Transactions A from the Royal Society's web page:
"Personal perspectives in the physical sciences for the Royal Society's
350th anniversary", an open access, commemorative issue of Philosophical
Transactions A is now available online at
http://rsta.royalsocietypublishing.org/seefurther
In this freely available landmark issue, compiled specifically to mark the
350th anniversary of the Royal Society, leading scientists offer a
personal perspective on the current status of their own area of research.
Highlighted articles cover the status and potential of nuclear fusion; the
revolution in theoretical chemistry over the past half century; and the
challenges associated with energy security, climate change and sustainable
consumption in the built environment.
This online content also incorporates two video podcasts: one by Cyril
Hilsum on flat panel electronic displays and one by Richard Ellis on how
gravitational lensing is being used to probe dark matter and dark energy.
The 17 contributions in this special issue present an up-to-date snapshot
of key areas of the physical sciences and, together, demonstrate the
continued vitality that characterizes Philosophical Transactions A.
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7. Joel Schiff Honoured
-----------------------
Joel Schiff, mentioned last month as the co-discoverer of asteroid (12926)
Brianmason, has himself received an honour from the Meteoritical Society.
The citation reads "The Service Award is for advancing the Society's goals
to promote research and education in meteoritics and planetary science.
Joel Schiff is recognized for founding the quarterly publication,
METEORITE, in 1995. The magazine serves as a forum for communication
between amateurs, collectors, dealers, educators and researchers
interested in meteorites."
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8. Digitizing of Southern Stars
--------------------------------
RASNZ Publicity Officer Marilyn Head writes:
Southern Stars, the Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society of NZ has
been published continuously since 1934. There is a chance it may win a $10
000 digitisation grant from the National Library to make it available
online. There is a lot of competition however, and it is unlikely it will
win the most public votes on the website. But that is not the only
criteria. Overseas votes will help to reinforce our submission that there
is global interest in the scientific and historical data that Southern
Star contains, so we hope you will take 5 seconds to register your vote
for Southern Stars at: vote
http://makeit.digitalnz.org/voting
Please pass on to anyone/ any organisation which may be interested.
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9. NACAA XXIV
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The 24th National Australian Convention of Amateur Astronomers (NACAA
XXIV) will be held over Easter 2010 (2nd-5th April) in Canberra.
The convention theme is "Astronomy in the On-line Age". Presentations will
span Friday to Monday and include observing, instrumentation,
astroimaging, education, outreach, research, history, and other topics.
For more information see http://www.nacaa.org.au/2010/programme
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10. Robert Kirshner Lecture on DVD
---------------------------------
A DVD of the the public lecture given by Prof Robert Kirshner in
Wellington during November last year, "Einstein's Blunder Undone" is
available from the RSNZ. Prof Kirshner was the 2009 Royal Society of New
Zealand Distinguished Speaker.
The lecture can be downloaded at
or a copy of the DVD with a video of the lecture can be obtained by sending an email to
Faith Atkins
at the Royal Society of New Zealand. The RSNZ is not making a charge for them.
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11. Public Solar Stormwatch
---------------------------
The Royal Observatory, Greenwich (ROG), in partnership with the
Science and Technology Facilities Councilıs Rutherford Appleton
Laboratory and Zooniverse are launching Solar Stormwatch, a new web
project where anyone can help spot and track solar storms and be
involved in the latest solar research.
The Sun is much more dynamic than it appears in our sky. Intense
magnetic fields churn and pummel the Sunıs atmosphere and they store
enormous amounts of energy that, when released, hurl billions of tons
of material out into space in explosions called Coronal Mass Ejections
(CMEs) -- or solar storms.
Solar Stormwatch volunteers can spot these storms and track their
progress across space towards the Earth. Such storms can be harmful to
astronauts in orbit and have the potential to knock out communication
satellites, disrupt mobile phone networks and damage power lines. With
the publicıs help, Solar Stormwatch will allow solar scientists to
better understand these potentially dangerous storms and help to
forecast their arrival time at Earth.
The project uses real data from NASAıs STEREO spacecraft, a pair of
satellites in orbit around the Sun which give scientists a constant
eye on the ever-changing solar surface.
------------
Editor's note: The Royal Observatory, Greenwich, press release did not
give a website contact, only the email addresses of the authors. I'm
happy to forward these to anyone interested.
-- press release forwarded by Karen Pollard.
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12. Solar Dynamics Observatory Launched
---------------------------------------
NASA's Solar Dynamics Observatory, or SDO, was launched on February 11.
The most technologically advanced of NASA's heliophysics spacecraft,
SDO will take images of the Sun every 0.75 seconds and daily send back
about 1.5 terabytes of data to Earth -- the equivalent of streaming
380 full-length movies.
The Sun's dynamic processes affect everyone and everything on Earth.
SDO will explore activity on the Sun that can disable satellites,
cause power grid failures, and disrupt GPS communications. SDO also
will provide a better understanding of the role the Sun plays in
Earth's atmospheric chemistry and climate.
The spacecraft finally be placed in a circular geosynchronous orbit 36 000
km from Earth. The spacecraft will relay its readings to a ground station
in New Mexico. The research is expected to reveal the sun's inner workings
by constantly taking high resolution images of the sun, collecting
readings from inside the sun and measuring its magnetic field activity.
This data is expected to give researchers the insight they need to
eventually predict solar storms and other activity on the sun.
-- from a NASA press release forwarded by Karen Pollard and from the SDO
website http://www.nasa.gov/sdo
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13. Stuck Mars Rover Gets New Job
---------------------------------
After six years of unprecedented exploration of the Red Planet, NASAıs
Mars Exploration Rover Spirit no longer will be a fully mobile robot.
NASA has designated the once-roving scientific explorer a stationary
science platform after it broke through a crust and bogged in soft sand
ten months ago.
The robotıs main job in the next few weeks will be to position itself to
survive the severe Martian winter. If it does survive then it will do new
science from its final location. The roverıs mission could continue for
several months to years.
After Spirit became embedded, the rover team crafted plans for trying
to get the six-wheeled vehicle free using its five functioning wheels
-- the sixth wheel quit working in 2006, limiting Spiritıs mobility.
The planning included experiments with a test rover in a sandbox at
NASAıs Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, plus analysis, modelling and
reviews. In November, another wheel quit working, making a difficult
situation even worse.
Recent drives have yielded the best results since Spirit became
embedded. However, the coming winter mandates a change in strategy. It
is mid-autumn at the solar-powered robotıs home on Mars. Winter will
begin in May. Solar energy is declining and expected to become
insufficient to power further driving by mid-February. The rover team
plans to use those remaining potential drives for improving the
roverıs tilt. Spirit currently tilts slightly toward the south. The
winter Sun stays in the northern sky, so decreasing the southward tilt
would boost the amount of sunshine on the roverıs solar panels.
At its current angle, Spirit probably would not have enough power to
keep communicating with Earth through the Martian winter. Even a few
degrees of improvement in tilt might make enough difference to enable
communication every few days.
Getting through the winter will all come down to temperature and how
cold the rover electronics will get. Every bit of energy produced by
Spiritıs solar arrays will go into keeping the roverıs critical
electronics warm, either by having the electronics on or by turning on
essential heaters.
Even stopped, Spirit continues scientific research. One stationary
experiment Spirit has begun studies of tiny wobbles in the rotation of
Mars. These could tell if the planet's core is liquid or solid. This
requires months of radio-tracking the motion of a point on the surface of
Mars to calculate long-term motion with an accuracy of a few inches.
Tools on Spiritıs robotic arm can study variations in the composition
of nearby soil, which has been affected by water. Stationary science
also includes watching how wind moves soil particles and monitoring
the Martian atmosphere.
Spirit and Opportunity landed on Mars in January 2004. They have been
exploring for six years, far surpassing their original 90-day mission.
Opportunity currently is driving toward a large crater called Endeavor
and continues to make scientific discoveries. It has driven
approximately 19 km and returned more than 133,000 images.
For more information about Spirit and Opportunity, visit:
http://www.nasa.gov/rovers
-- from a NASA JPL press release forwarded by Karen Pollard.
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14. Pulsing Red Giant Star Imaged
----------------------------------
Near the end of their evolution sun-like stars swell into red giants: a
hot dense core inside a large sphere of very thin gas. The thin gas
envelope is able to store and release energy. So red giants are usually
variable, pulsating in size and brightness over hundreds of days.
As it pulses, the star is puffing off its outer layers, which in a few
hundred thousand years create a beautifully gleaming planetary nebula.
Using an infra-red telescope array, astronomers have been able to image
surface features on Chi Cygni, a red giant about 550 light years away.
Chi Cygni pulses once every 408 days. At its smallest diameter of 500
million km, it becomes mottled with brilliant spots as massive
plumes of hot plasma roil its surface. (Those spots are like the
granules on our Sunıs surface, but much larger.) As it expands, Chi
Cygni cools and dims, growing to a diameter of 770 million km --
large enough to engulf and cook our solar systemıs asteroid belt.
For the first time, astronomers have photographed these dramatic
changes in detail. They reported their work in the December 10 issue
of The Astrophysical Journal. The images show that the pulsations
is not only radial, but come with inhomogeneities, like the giant
hotspot that appeared at minimum radius.
Imaging variable stars is extremely difficult. Such stars hide within a
compact and dense shell of dust and molecules. To see the star's surface
within the shell one must observed at specific wavelengths of infrared
light.
The stars are also very far away, and thus appear very small. Even though
red giants are huge compared to the Sun, the distance makes them appear no
larger than a small house on the moon as seen from Earth. Traditional
telescopes lack sufficient resolution. This investigation used the
Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatoryıs Infrared Optical Telescope Array
(IOTA) in Arizona. It combines light from several telescopes to give a
resolution equivalent to a telescope as large as the distance between
them. The resolution is 15 times better than the Hubble Space Telescope.
Images and movies are available online at
http://www.cfa.harvard.edu/news/2009/pr200923_images.html
-- from a Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics press release
forwarded by Karen Pollard.
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15. Fermi Shows Supernova and Cosmic Ray Connection
-----------------------------------------------------
New images from NASAıs Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope show where
supernova remnants emit radiation a billion times more energetic than
visible light. The images bring astronomers a step closer to
understanding the source of some of the universeıs most energetic
particles -- cosmic rays. Cosmic rays consist mainly of protons that move
through space at nearly the speed of light. In their journey across the
galaxy, the particles are deflected by magnetic fields. This scrambles
their paths and masks their origins. Understanding the sources of cosmic
rays is one of Fermiıs key goals.
When cosmic rays collide with interstellar gas, they produce gamma rays.
Fermi now allows us to compare emission from remnants of different
ages and in different environments. Fermiıs Large Area Telescope (LAT)
mapped billion-electron-volt (GeV) gamma rays from three middle-aged
supernova remnants -- known as W51C, W44, and IC 443 -- that were never
before resolved at these energies. (The energy of visible light is between
2 and 3 electron volts.) Each remnant is the expanding debris of a massive
star that blew up between 4,000 and 30,000 years ago.
In addition, Fermiıs LAT also spied GeV gamma rays from Cassiopeia A
(Cas A), a supernova remnant only 330 years old. Ground-based
observatories, which detect gamma rays thousands of times more
energetic than the LAT was designed to see, have previously detected
Cas A.
Older remnants are extremely bright in GeV gamma rays, but relatively
faint at higher energies. Younger remnants show a different behaviour,
perhaps showing that the highest-energy cosmic rays have left older
remnants, and Fermi sees emission from trapped particles at lower
energies.
Young supernova remnants seem to possess both stronger magnetic fields
and the highest-energy cosmic rays. Stronger fields can keep the
highest-energy particles in the remnantıs shock wave long enough to
speed them to the energies observed.
The Fermi observations show GeV gamma rays coming from places where
the remnants are known to be interacting with cold, dense gas clouds.
This suggests that protons accelerated in the remnant are colliding with
gas atoms, causing the gamma-ray emission. An alternative explanation is
that fast-moving electrons emit gamma rays as they fly past the nuclei of
gas atoms. Further observations by Fermi should help decide which
mechanism is the cause.
Images and animations of supernovae:
http://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a010500/a010566/index.html
How cosmic rays produce gamma rays (animation):
http://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a010500/a010567/index.html
-- from a NASA press release forwarded by Karen Pollard.
===============================================================
16. RASNZ in Wikipedia
----------------------
Peter Jaquiery writes that he has started an RASNZ entry on Wikipedia:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Astronomical_Society_of_New_Zealand
Peter invites anyone who can fill in some of the details (especially the
history) to do so.
================================================================
17. Gifford-Eiby Lecture Fund
-----------------------------
The RASNZ administers the Gifford-Eiby Memorial Lectureship Fund to
assist Affiliated Societies with travel costs of getting a lecturer
or instructor to their meetings. Details are in RASNZ By-Laws Section H.
For an application form contact the Executive Secretary
secretary@rasnz.org.nz, 14 Craigieburn Street, Darfield 7510.
=========================================================
18. Kingdon-Tomlinson Fund
--------------------------
The RASNZ is responsible for recommending to the trustees of the Kingdon
Tomlinson Fund that grants be made for astronomical projects. The grants
may be to any person or persons, or organisations, requiring funding for
any projects or ventures that promote the progress of astronomy in New
Zealand. Full details are set down in the RASNZ By-Laws, Section J.
For an application form contact the RASNZ Executive Secretary,
secretary@rasnz.org.nz, 14 Craigieburn Street, Darfield 7510.
===============================================================
19. How to Join the RASNZ
-------------------------
A membership application form and details can be found on the RASNZ
website http://www.rasnz.org.nz/InfoForm/membform.htm.
Please note that the weblink to membership forms is case sensitive.
Alternatively please send an email to the membership secretary
members@rasnz.org.nz for further information.
The annual subscription rate is $75. For overseas rates please check with
the membership secretary, member@rasnz.org.nz.
===============================================================
20. Headlines
-------------
Squad Helps Dog Bite Victim
Man Struck By Lightning Faces Battery Charge
Stiff Opposition Expected To Casketless Funeral Plan
Stadium Air Conditioning Fails; Fans Protest
Man Steals Clock, Faces Time
Man, Minus Ear, Waives Hearing
Hospitals Sued By Seven Foot Doctors
Expert Says Something Went Wrong In Jet Crash
Autos Killing 110 A Day; Let's Resolve To Do Better
Soviet Virgin Lands Short Of Goal Again
Stolen Painting Found By Tree
Defendant's Speech Ends In Long Sentence
William Kelly, 87, Was Fed Secretary
Genetic Engineering Splits Scientists
If Strike Isn't Settled Quickly, It May Last a While
Cold Wave Linked To Temperatures
Local High School Dropouts Cut In Half
Fifth Graders Get To Grill Lions
Enfields Couple Slain; Police Suspect Homicide
=============================================================
Alan Gilmore Phone: 03 680 6000
P.O. Box 57 alan.gilmore@canterbury.ac.nz
Lake Tekapo 7945
New Zealand
==========================
